This was an automated weapon firing mechanism capable of friendly fire if not managed properly. It was also the first American shuttle mission, in which all or part of a mission landed at a different field and later bombed another target before returning to its base. On the 24th of August, eight Me 163 managed to shoot down three more bombers while successfully evading enemy fighter cover. At this time the Luftwaffe officials were determined to introduce the Me 163 to service. As a result, enemy fighters hit the first force, landed, rearmed, refueled, and then engaged the delayed second force. During these initial combat engagements with the Allied bombers, German pilots noticed that the Me 163s armament had a huge flaw. The unit received its first operational Me 163 on the 10th of March, and seven more were to arrive by late April 1944. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. [citation needed] The field order for the mission specified that the B-17s would fly at altitudes between 23,000 and 26,500 feet (7,000-8,000 m), but approaching the coast of the Netherlands at 13:30, it was confronted with developing cloud masses not present earlier in the day. Read our Privacy Policy for more information. Messerschmitt, and its executive Willy Messerschmitt also occupied the famed Villa Tugendhat in Brno, Czech Republic, designed by Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich in the 1920s; the Messerschmitt aircraft factory office and the Gestapo occupied the property during the war. While the commanders of EKdo 16 were against such a decision, there was little they could do and, by the end of September, the unit was on its way to Brandis. Founded in 1999. To resolve this issue the unit personnel began drilling wells to collect water. 1000 Spreng- und 500 Brand-Bomben so gezielt auf das Werksgelnde gefallen, dass weder die Altstadt von Regensburg noch das nur 500m entfernte Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brder getroffen wurden. [citation needed], The Messerschmitt factory also produced prefabricated houses, which were designed as "self-building-kits" mainly based on an alloy framework. Die Siedlung umfasste 1140 Wohnungen in 152 Einzel- und Mehrfamilienhusern. The first Chairman of the Board of Management was Peter Eberwein, who had previously been employed at Albatros Flugzeugwerke. It was probably in the spring of 1922 that Castiglioni and Popp persuaded MAN to give up its shares in BFW, so that now the company belonged exclusively to Castiglioni. The title Kabinenroller means "scooter with cabin". According to initial plans, this unit was to be formed at least by the end of 1943 or in early 1944 depending on the sources. The Me 163 initially used a fuel mixture of the T and Z-Stoff. Das Netz der Produktionsbetriebe spannte sich ber die Tschechoslowakei bis nach sterreich, umfasste auch Bergwerksstollen, Autobahntunnels und sogar getarnte Waldschneisen. A few days later, another accident occurred when the towing aircraft lost power to one of its engines. As the construction of the Me 163B V1 prototype was approaching completion, it was proposed to switch to the older R II 203 engine to save development time, but this modification was not carried out. Before each flight, the fuel tanks had to be thoroughly washed with water. However, major quality problems were encountered at the start. Das Werk im Westen von Regensburg entwickelte sich im Laufe des Zweiten Weltkrieges zu einem der leistungsfhigsten und produktivsten Flugzeugwerke. To move it across the airfield the Germans designed and built a small specialized aircraft tug, called the Scheuchschlepper, especially for this task. [citation needed], The first German attacks began almost immediately and employed different tactics from the morning mission. The volatile nature of its fuel, occasionally lead to accidents and explosions, losing aircraft in the process, but more importantly the vital pilots. Previously, because of this large number of groups, "provisional combat bomb wings" had been formed in April to control the groups tactically during large missions. For this reason, the work on testing and experimenting with the Me 163 was stopped in favor of increasing the overall production of the Me 163 B-1. While the aircraft was heavily damaged, the pilot managed to survive. It provides a reasonably accurate view of the thinking behind the planners' intention and the decisions that led to the abandonment of the goal of launching a double strike in such a way that the second strike would meet no aerial opposition; and of the action in the air itself. The Me 163 was a high-speed, rocket-powered, swept-wing tailless aircraft. I have been looking all over for some 1940s era photographs of the Messerschmitt factories in Augsburg or Regensburg. The first Me 163B flew in July 1945 but was lost in an accident. Sixty aircraft were lost over German-controlled territory, in Switzerland, or ditched at sea, with five crews rescued. As this airfield lacked any proper workshops, the dismantled aircraft could not be assembled again and, for this reason, no test flights were ever carried out from Brieg. These include the 5.5 cm R4M air-to-air rocket, and the more revolutionary SG 500 Jagdfaust. It was only organizational changes and more intensive supervision of the assembly line that succeeded in resolving these problems by the end of 1916. The unit was by that time being renamed to Jagdgeschwader 1./JG 400 and stationed at Deelen. Juli 1936 wurde als Tochtergesellschaft der Messerschmitt AG Augsburg die Bayerische Flugzeugwerke Regensburg GmbH gegrndet. In late 1944 II./JG400 was repositioned at Stargard. [20][note 4][note 5] Gunners on the bombers claimed 288 fighters shot down,[24][note 6] but Luftwaffe records showed only 25 to 27 were lost. After being postponed several times by unfavorable weather, the operation, known within the Eighth Air Force as "Mission No. The first, a diversionary attack, involved the bombing of three locations along the French and Dutch coast: the German airfields at Bryas-Sud and Marck by American B-26 Marauder and Royal Air Force Mitchell medium bombers, and the marshalling yards at Dunkirk by other Mitchells, all timed to coincide with the Regensburg strike.[14]. Z-Stoff would later be replaced with C-Stoff, which was a mix of methyl alcohol, hydrazine hydrate, and water. An interesting episode in EKdo 16s history is connected to the well-known German test pilot Hanna Reitsch. The Me 163, despite its small number, proved to be a shock to the Allies pilots. Nach der Machtergreifung der NSDAP ergaben sich jedoch neue Mglichkeiten zur Ansiedlung von Industriebetrieben in Regensburg, denn in dem von der neuen Hitler-Regierung am 18. Several more were built but the end of the war led to the end of the project. Dort wurde ab Ende 1944 im grten funktionsfhigen Messerschmitt-Werk in einer durch die Oberbayerische Forschungsanstalt in Oberammergau konzertierten Aktion noch in groem Stil die Serienproduktion des Strahlflugzeugs Me 262 (Rumpfwerk und Vorflgel) begonnen. The arrangement of two groups instead of three in the two following provisional wings meant a third fewer guns available to each for their mutual defense and made them more likely targets. [militaryimages.net]Following the successful testing of the previous Me 163A series, the Germans began developing a new improved version that was intended for operational use. Mission 84 planning indicated a takeoff window from dawn (approximately 06:30 British Double Summer Time) to approximately 08:00 without cancelling the mission. Learn how your comment data is processed. While its speed was great, its maximum burn time for the engine was only slightly longer than 7 minutes, however this capability could be stretched by the pilots ability to switch the engine on and off throughout the flight. Given the chaotic state of Germany in 1945, its conceivable that the crew operating this gun may have found a way to make it work. Shortly after she took off, the jettisonable takeoff dolly refused to successfully detach from the aircraft, preventing it from using the landing skid. Erst in der letzten Kriegsphase, als kein Treibstoff mehr verfgbar war und Straen zerstrt waren, brach das Betriebsnetz zusammen.[1]. Its achilles heel was its dangerous and volatile fuel from which a number of planes and pilot lives were lost. Erhalten sind das ehemalige Verwaltungsgebude, in dem heute die kaufmnnische Berufsschule untergebracht ist, und ein Teil der Lackiererei, der heute Infineon als Versand und Warenannahmehalle dient. In its inventory, there were some 12 fully operational Me 163 available. Etwa 2000 Hftlinge des KZ Gusen I im System des KZ Mauthausen produzierten am Flieband tglich 25 Rmpfe und 25 Flgelpaare fr das Flugzeug Bf 109 sowie Teile fr die Me 262. The Me 163 was designed to be light and relatively cheap to build. ", Stamped on verso: "Passed for personal use only. Notice:Visitors may be filmed, photographed or recorded by the U.S. Air Force for educational and promotional uses, including for posting on public websites and social media. Between 16:20 and 17:00 a covering force of 93 P-47s and 95 Spitfires[note 3] arrived to provide withdrawal support, claiming 21 fighters shot down, but eight more bombers were lost before the force reached the North Sea, where three more crash-landed. It was provided with an optical sensor that activated its weapon load once it detected shadow, in theory, a shadow of an enemy plane. Messerschmitt AG ( German pronunciation: [msmt]) was a German share-ownership limited, aircraft manufacturing corporation named after its chief designer Willy Messerschmitt from mid-July 1938 onwards, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, in particular the Bf 109 and Me 262. And in the UK, RAF, Science and National Museum of Flight. Without escort for much of the mission, the bombers faced wave after wave of Luftwaffe fighters alone. Otherwise, Nada. In order to help the ground crew with repairs, the fuselage was specially designed to contain a large number of removable panels. The 60 aircraft lost on a single mission more than doubled the highest previous loss at that time. [26] 35,000 m2 (380,000 square feet) of buildings in the five factories were destroyed, and more than 100,000 m2 (1,000,000 square feet) suffered fire damage. [acesflyinghigh.wordpress.com]The fuel load consisted of 1040 liters (229 gallons) of T-Stoff and 492 liters of C-Stoff. Because of limited range thanks to (inexplicably) not employing drop tanks,[12] escorting P-47 Thunderbolt fighters would be able to protect the bombers only as far as Eupen, Belgium, which was roughly an hour's flying time from both of the targets. While the number of some 400 aircraft built seems significant, in reality only a dozen or so aircraft were ever used at any given time in combat. Due to the need for immediate aircraft production for the ongoing war, there was no time for development work and BFW manufactured aircraft under licence from Albatros Flugzeugwerke. In an attempt to increase the Me 163s performance, Junkers cooperated with Dr. Lippisch. One of the first designs, the Messerschmitt M20, was a near-catastrophe for the designer and the company. Concurrently, pilots were beginning to arrive from the EKdo 16 training unit. Durch den Kriegseintritt der USA im Dezember 1941 nderte sich in den Folgejahren die strategische Lage aber drastisch. [citation needed], The cars were actually made by Fend's own company in the Messerschmitt works at Regensburg, and Willy Messerschmitt had very little to do with the vehicles other than ruling that they carried his name. Nearly all of the buildings are affected to some degree. [1] The articles of association were drawn up on 19 and 20 February, and completed on 2 March 1916. Photograph of the fighter assembly factory of Messerschmidt at Regensburg taken by an R.A.F. This mission was enshrined in fiction as the "Hambrucken raid" in Beirne Lay and Sy Bartlett's novel, Twelve O'Clock High. [5] In dieser Periode pendelten die leitenden Herren des Messerschmitt-Konzerns, wie z. Unfortunately, fog delayed the Schweinfurt forces takeoff, but the Regensburg force left on time. Several other designs were also ordered, including the enormous Me 321 Gigant transport glider, and its six-engined follow on, the Me 323. The most obvious change was the completely redesigned fuselage, which was larger and had an overall more aerodynamic shape. Of those damaged, many were stranded in North Africa and never repaired. But this situation would be rare given the fact that Me 163 was a short-range and unique interceptor that operated on its own without support from other aircraft. Im KZ Flossenbrg, das gegen Kriegsende auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Kleinstadt Neutraubling auch noch das KZ-Auenlager Obertraubling unterhielt, mussten ber 5200 und im KZ Gusen mehrere Tausend Hftlinge in Zwangsarbeit Flugzeugkomponenten zusammenbauen, wobei die Endmontage der Kampfjger weiterhin in Regensburg und Obertraubling vorgenommen wurde. Donald Miller states: "LeMay's force was expected to take the brunt of the German counteroffensive, allowing the Schweinfurt armada to proceed to the target with only light resistance. Nearly all of the buildings are affected to some degree. After bombing the target, the Regensburg force turned south and crossed the Alps on the way to North Africa. After the Me 163 returned from a sortie, the Scheuchschlepper rear wheel would be replaced with a tracked platform which supported a cradle that fully supported the entire aircraft at its wing roots, to move the Me 163 for refueling and to be refitted on a takeoff dolly for the next flight. More than 700 bombs fell within the target area causing severe damage. Bei den Bombardierungen der Produktionssttten wurden auch zahlreiche KZ-Hftlinge gettet oder verletzt. Das Werk wurde ab 1943 durch Luftangriffe nahezu vllig zerstrt. With LeMay escaping over the Alps, the Schweinfurt force would be left to face the full fury of the Luftwaffe on its return to England. It had 6 Me 163s, of which only one was equipped with a rocket engine. Heini Dittmar had plenty of experience as a test pilot flying the Me 163A aircraft. Plans Made for a Simultaneous Attack on Two Targets The sources give different numbers, for example, most state around 400 of all models, of which some 370 were estimated to be of B-version, were built by the wars end. Auf dem Gelnde des Werkes in Obertraubling wurde die heutige Stadt Neutraubling erbaut, in der sich zahlreiche Heimatvertriebene ansiedelten. These were still prototype aircraft of the B pre-production version. [10], Folgen fr die Infrastruktur in Regensburg, Zahlenangaben wahrscheinlich einschlielich Zwangsarbeitern und Kriegsgefangenen, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt_GmbH&oldid=226704177, Wehr- und Rstungswirtschaft im Nationalsozialismus, Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike, Baubeschrnkungen fr den gesamten Stadtwesten wegen Verlust von Baugelnde und Erweiterung des Flugplatzes, Verknappung von Verbrauchsgtern und Preiserhhungen, Mangel an Arbeitskrften, besonders bei Facharbeitern, aber auch bei Behrden, Die hohe Gefhrdung als Angriffsziel fr Bombenangriffe machte die Stationierung von Flaktruppen ntig. . The end of the war hit BFW hard, since military demand for aircraft collapsed. On that day, another accident led to the death of a pilot and the loss of yet another aircraft. Die in Regensburg herrschende groe Wohnungsnot hatte bereits nach 1933 zum Bau der eigenfinanzierten Wohnsiedlungen Westheim und Konradsiedlung gefhrt. This combined with the extraordinary speed of the Me 163 made engaging targets difficult. [wiki]. The mission was an ambitious plan to cripple the German aircraft industry; it was also known as the "double-strike mission" because it entailed two large forces of bombers attacking separate targets in order to disperse fighter reaction by the Luftwaffe. . Trotz der Einstufung als kriegswichtiger Betrieb waren die Messerschmitt-Werke mit gemeinsamer Konzernfhrung in privatem Besitz, was eine Ausnahme in der nationalsozialistischen Kriegswirtschaftspolitik darstellte. Youtube Another purpose that this unit had to fulfill was the training of new pilots for the Me 163. For take-off, the Me 163 sat on a simple two-wheel dolly unit. Seeing no harm in it, Major Spate gave instruction that his aircraft be fully fueled and armed. The results of the bombing were exaggerated, and the high losses were well disguised in after-mission reports. 400. unit. [18], At 14:57 approximately 40 B-17s remained of the lead wing when it dropped its bombs on the target area containing five factories and 30,000 workers, followed over a 24-minute span by the remainder of the force. The overall length of the task force was too great for effective fighter support. The original plans to build numerous connected airfields were abandoned in favor of concentrating all available Me 163 in a few selected airfields. [E. T. Maloney and U. Feist Messerschmitt Me 163]An Me 163C illustration of how it may have looked given that only few uncompleted airframes were built. 1943 waren diese Werke die zweitgrte Produktionssttte fr einmotorige Jagdflugzeuge in Europa. Spitfire pilots claimed 13 German fighters shot down and P-47 pilots claimed 19. Based on this performance the company was invited to submit a design for the Luftwaffe's 1935 fighter contest, winning it with the Bf 109, based on the same construction methods. At this stage, the Germans were replacing the R II 209 rocket engines with the modified RII 211. Dort gab es sogar einen nicht ausgelasteten Flugplatz. Schweinfurt was close to the city of Regensburg, where there was a Messerschmitt fighter plane . Found this aerial photo of the Regensburg site. In Regensburg, all six main workshops of the Messerschmitt factory were destroyed or severely damaged, as were many supporting structures including the final assembly shop. The Schweinfurt portion of the mission also formed the framework for the novel The War Lover, by John Hersey. This project would eventually evolve into Me 163C. Once at sufficient altitude the dolly was jettisoned from the bottom of the aircraft. The first operational unit that was to be equipped with the Me 163 was the Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 20./JG 1 located at Bad Zwischenahn. In the autumn of 1921, Austrian financier Camillo Castiglioni first announced his interest in purchasing BFW. For this reason, Brandis would become the main key point for the Me 163 combat operations. On August 17, 1943, the USAAF suffered staggering losses in the two-pronged attack against the Messerschmitt fighter factory at Regensburg and the ball-bearing plants at Schweinfurt, Germany. [warbirdphotographs.com]The Scheuchschlepper essentially fulfilled two roles. [11] The 1st Bombardment Wing, following it, would turn northeast and bomb the ball-bearing factories of Schweinfurt (where almost the entire production of bearings was centralized) and by doing so catch German fighter aircraft on the ground re-arming and refueling. The Soviets were not idle either as they also managed to acquire unknown numbers of the Me 163 including the rare two-seater trainer version Me 163S. Messerschmitt Aircraft Plant in Augsburg-Haunstetten, 11 August 1944 Photo taken August 11, 1944 from a Spitfire MK XI of the 14th Squadron of the 7th PRG. Schon vor der Machtergreifung der NSDAP (Januar 1933) und vor der putschartigen bernahme des Brgermeisteramtes in Regensburg durch den Arzt Otto Schottenheim (Mrz 1933), befand sich die Stadt Regensburg in einer wirtschaftlich desolaten Lage. by Heimatschuss 01 May 2009, 00:25, Post Also crucial was the remote location of the village, its rail connection and its proximity to Czechoslovakia, which had been defeated in 1938. . Rocket Powered Fighter Around 370 Built. Deshalb wurde in den Jahren 1939 bis 1941 fr die Flakartillerie im Sden der Stadt zwischen der heutigen Galgenbergstrae und dem Unterislinger Weg eine Kaserne erbaut, die nach dem Krieg den Namen. Regensburg was home to both a Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft factory and an oil refinery, which were bombed by the Allies on August 17, 1943, in the Schweinfurt-Regensburg mission, . From this point on Messerschmitt became a favorite of the Nazi party, as much for his designs as his political abilities and the factory location in southern Germany away from the "clumping" of aviation firms on the northern coast. The Messerschmitt KR200, or Kabinenroller (Cabin Scooter), is a three-wheeled bubble car designed by the aircraft engineer Fritz Fend and produced in the factory of the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt from 1955 until 1964. Besides the issues previously mentioned, after a successful landing, the Me 163 was immobile and vulnerable to possible enemy attacks. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. For this reason, the pilot had to endure altitude chamber training and had a specially designed diet. Few sorties were carried out mostly due to lack of fuel. B-17s over Schweinfurt on August 17, 1943. Given the previous success, of destroying 5 enemy bombers with a limited number of available Me 163, attempts were made to increase the number of squadrons with 20 aircraft. Not wanting to waste the parts of the destroyed Me 163, these were collected and then sent to the training school at Fassberg. Preserved photographs seem to indicate that these precautions were not always strictly adhered to. Im Herbst 1938 wurde die Produktion der Messerschmitt Bf 109 von Haunstetten bei Augsburg nach Regensburg verlegt. The Americans listed 55 of their bombers with 552 crewmen as missing after the August 17 double-target mission. Of the two groups of P-47s (87 aircraft) tasked to escort the force to the German border, only one arrived at the rendezvous point on time, covering only the lead wing, and the second arrived fifteen minutes late. Mit Zusatztanks ausgerstet konnten sie von England aus Sddeutschland und dann zur Landung Nordafrika erreichen. 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