lean zucker rat

This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 15:14. The most common are adenomas of the pituitary and adenomas/adenocarcinomas of the adrenal cortex in both sexes, mammary gland tumors and endometrial carcinomas in females, and C-cell adenomas/adenocarcinomas of the thyroid gland and tumors of the haemopoietic system in males. The obese or fatty condition appeared spontaneously in the 13M strain maintained at the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of Theodore and Lois Zucker in Stow, MA. 28 30 However, the finding of lower HRs in obese Zucker rats differs from previous studies in obese dogs and humans in which HR was increased rather than decreased compared with lean controls. and Zucker rats compared to the lean animals at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and the substantial hyperinsuline- mia in the obese WDF rats at 3,6, and 12 months of age (Table 1). Obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat is a spontaneous genetic obesity model and, by comparison with lean Zucker rat, exhibits hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. AMPKalpha1 activity was similar in muscle from lean and obese animals and was unaffected by RSG treatment. Long-Evans rats are white with a black hood, or occasionally white with a brown hood. Byddwch yn gweld ystyron Lean Zucker Rat … Zucker rats were born by breeders purchased from Charles River Lab in France. In lean Zucker rats, T1R3 expression was basically similar to that observed in Wistar rats. Receive the latest news and insights to your inbox. A mutation occurred in a colony of outbred Zucker rats in the laboratory of Dr. Walter Shaw at Eli Lilly Research Laboratories in Indianapolis, IN in 1974–75. More than half of all laboratory rat strains are descended from the original colony established by physiologist Henry Donaldson, scientific administrator Milton J. Greenman, and genetic researcher/embryologist Helen Dean King.[19][20]. The researchers found that the incidence of tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats from different commercial sources varied as much from each other as from the other strains of rats. We are proud to list acronym of ZLRS in the largest database of abbreviations and acronyms. The rats were being raised for laboratory use by Dr. Henry Schroeder and technician Tim Vinton, who noticed that the litter of 17 drank and urinated excessively. To Charles River in 1985 from a research colony maintained at a pharmaceutical company. The "fatty" rat (Rattus norvegicus) appeared as a spontaneous mutant. Hairless laboratory rats provide researchers with valuable data regarding compromised immune systems and genetic kidney diseases. Second, Lewis rats are prone to develop a spontaneous transplantable lymphatic leukaemia. The Zucker Rat (Lean) is the control model for the Zucker Rat (Obese). The obese or fatty condition appeared spontaneously in the 13M strain maintained at the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of Theodore and Lois Zucker in Stow, MA. ZLRS = Zucker Lean Rat Looking for general definition of ZLRS? ZDF Rat (Lean fa/+) Details. Comparisons were made between left ventricle, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles from OZR (n = 16) and aged-matched lean Zucker rats (LZR; n = 16) that were untrained (n = 8) or … The reproductive function of rats was studied at the Institute for Experimental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley by Herbert McLean Evans and Joseph A. In one of the three rats, lean heterozygous Zucker rat #3, a component of significant N2A survival-promoting activity were observed at high IgG dilution (Figure 8A). However, since these rats are known to grow tumors at a high (and very variable) rate, the study was considered flawed in design and its findings unsubstantiated. Genetic analysis of 117 albino rat strains collected from all parts of the world carried out by a team led by Takashi Kuramoto at Kyoto University in 2012 showed that the albino rats descended from hooded rats and all the albino rats descended from a single ancestor. The spontaneously hypertensive rat and the Lewis rat are other well-known stocks developed from Wistar rats. There were even significant variations in the incidences of adrenal medulla tumors among rats from the same source raised in different laboratories. (fatty) Zucker rat was significantly greater than in two strains of nonobese control rats, the lean Zucker rat and the Lewis rat. However, the metabolic networks underlying the systemic response in the obese Zucker rats remain to be elucidated. Maent wedi'u rhestru ar y chwith isod. Fuzzy rats were identified in 1976 in a Pennsylvania lab. Knockout rats can mimic human diseases, and are important tools for studying gene function and for drug discovery and development. Two populations of Zucker rats have been cited in research--the "fatty" or obese and the lean. In obese Zucker rat livers, total and nuclear CAR levels were markedly lower compared with lean rat livers, which correlated with the poor induction of CYP2B1/2 by PB in obese Zucker rats. 1 2 3 31 Decreased HR in obese Zucker … By contrast, outbred populations are used when identical genotypes are unnecessary or a population with genetic variation is required, and these rats are usually referred to as stocks rather than strains. Most are derived from the albino Wistar rat, which is still widely used. Plasma triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels, and hepatic concentration of TG were measured. If you are visiting our non-English version and want to see the English version of Lean Zucker Rat, please scroll down to the bottom and you will see the meaning of Lean Zucker Rat in English language. Zucker Rat (Lean) Details. We are proud to list acronym of LZR in the largest database of abbreviations and acronyms. Characteristics include albino coloring, docile behavior, and low fertility. Induction of Mrp3 by PB was similar in male and female WKY rat livers, despite the fact that CAR protein levels were significantly … The Zucker rat is an animal model used to study obesity and the control of food intake by various satiety peptides. They are utilized as a multipurpose model organism, frequently in behavioral and obesity research. Comparison of the Zucker Lean (ZL) and Zucker Fatty rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) revealed that HFD-fed ZL rats developed mild hepatic steatosis with compensatory hyperinsulinemia without increases in liver enzymes. The Sprague Dawley rat and Long–Evans rat were developed from Wistar rats. were testcrossed with known lean heterozygotes (+/ fa). The obese Zucker rat carries two recessive fa alleles that result in the expression of an obese phenotype. Gastrocnemius, soleus, Zucker rats have suggested that adenosine receptors heart, and liver of untreated obese animals had sig- are more active in adipocytes of obese than lean an- nificantly lower glucose uptake than lean controls un- imals (11, 12). Ar wahân i Lean Zucker Rat, mae gan LZR ystyron eraill. Although losartan reduced arterial pressure in lean and obese Zucker rats, the fall in BP was significantly greater in obese rats; after 7 days of losartan, MAP in obese rats fell by 37 mm Hg, compared with a decrease of 25 mm Hg in lean Zucker rats. The obese condition appears to be due to a single recessive gene. Six lean and six obese mature (9 (+OR-) 1 months of age) male Zucker rats were randomly exposed to 30, 15, and 5C each for a twenty-four-hour period. It is Lean Zucker Rat. Like NOD mice, biobreeding rats are used as an animal model for Type 1 diabetes. This was the first in a series of developments that have begun to make rats tractable as genetic research subjects, although they still lag behind mice, which lend themselves better to the embryonic stem cell techniques typically used for genetic manipulation. Research colonies were established at many institutions from this nucleus colony. 1H nuclear … Obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat is a spontaneous genetic obesity model and, by comparison with lean Zucker rat, exhibits hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Many investigators who wish to trace observations on behavior and physiology to underlying genes regard aspects of these in rats as more relevant to humans and easier to observe than in mice, giving impetus to the development of genetic research techniques applicable to rat. Obese and lean Zucker rats (n 16) were anes-thetized with ketamine, xylazine, and acepromazine (150: 30:5 mg/ml) 0.6 ml/kg im and mounted in a stereotaxic apparatus (Kopf Instrument, Tujunga, CA) with an incisor bar 3.3 mm below the interaural line. [29] The more common ones are denoted as rnu (Rowett nude), fz (fuzzy), and shn (shorn). Over the next 30 years, rats were used for several more experiments and eventually the laboratory rat became the first animal domesticated for purely scientific reasons. Obese Zuckers have higher food intake than lean controls in free-feed studies in which rats have ready access to a large amount of one type of food. ZDF- Lepr fa/CrlCrlj 9Ô9ë/9× Lean 9Õ 10 9Ô Lean 9Õ z ù o (é1s9 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 33, 39 1s9 9Ô-&g oê 7, 9Åî 11 1s9 â ù o f,]f : P@"4fé ù oê 27 1s 9 ùâ 9Õ z - Ç : 6;6) æ æá u9 2.9Ô-á2U 9Õâ è5R(Â- ÞÚ z ù o Ç : -&g o9æ K- Ê 3- AMPKalpha1 activity was similar in muscle from lean and obese animals and was unaffected by RSG treatment. Stainless steel can-nula with a 22-gauge guide (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA) was implanted unilaterally into the medial … Sgroliwch i lawr a chliciwch i weld pob un ohonynt. Research colonies were established at many institutions from this nucleus colony. The Zucker (fa/fa) rat is a valuable and extensively utilized model for obesity research. All groups of rats were … ‘Functional selectivity’ is a unique property of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor [20]-it refers to the ability of different 5-HT2AR ligands to preferentially activate alternative signaling pathways, e.g. [3] As there is evidence that the hooded rat was known as the "Japanese rat" in the early 20th century, Kuramoto concluded that one or more Japanese hooded rats might have been brought to Europe or the Americas and an albino rat that emerged as a product of the breeding of these hooded rats was the common ancestor of all the albino laboratory rats in use today. BWA1433 treat- pocytes is not due to high receptor numbers … The rats were maintained on standard Rat Chow (Ralston Purina, St. Louis, MO) and housed in an environmentally controlled room with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle. [25] This breed of rat was first produced by the Sprague-Dawley farms (later to become the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company) in Madison, Wisconsin in 1925. Male lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) rats of the Zucker strain, ∼2 months old, weighing 180–220 g and 250–330 g, respectively, and bred in our animal facility were used. Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. The greater blood pressure in the obese rats was not dependent on hyperphagia or increased body weight per se since moderate caloric restriction, achieved by pair-feeding with lean rats, decreased weight gain but did not attenuate hypertension. [33] Definiţie în limba engleză: Lean Zucker Rat. Mean arterial pressure directly measured in the unanesthetized, unrestrained obese (fatty) Zucker rat was significantly greater than in two strains of nonobese control rats, the lean Zucker rat and the Lewis rat. A laboratory rat or lab rat is a brown rat of the subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica which is bred and kept for scientific research. The LZR means Lean Zucker Rat. The obese condition appears to be due to a single recessive gene. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. The authors of the study "stressed the need for extreme caution in evaluation of carcinogenicity studies conducted at different laboratories and/or on rats from different sources. The obese condition appears to be due to a single recessive gene. To Four principal variants: 1. predominantly brown; 2. brown and white; 3. predominantly black; 4. black and white. Lean Zucker rats were treated with vehicle and acted as a control group for obese Zucker rats. They were involved in the Séralini affair, where the herbicide RoundUp was claimed to increase the occurrence of tumor in these rats. to … Male lean (Fa/fa) and obese (fa/fa) rats of the Zucker strain, ∼2 months old, weighing 180–220 g and 250–330 g, respectively, and bred in our animal facility were used. A Fick's law biocalorimeter was used to obtain indirect and direct calorimetry measurements. Acestea sunt listate în partea stângă de mai jos. Wistar rats are more active than others like Sprague Dawley rats. Here, T1R3 labeling was found in … i. Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat. The shaking rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat that has a short deletion in the RELN (Reelin) gene. Long and Evans in 1915 by crossing several Wistar females with a wild gray male. 12 T1R3 immunostaining was detected as spots along the cilia, or on the apical surface and the basolateral membrane (Figure 4E). This enhanced activity in isolated adi- der hyperinsulinemic conditions. Os ydych yn ymweld â'n fersiwn Saesneg, ac eisiau gweld diffiniadau o Lean Zucker Rat mewn ieithoedd eraill, cliciwch y ddewislen iaith ar y gwaelod dde. We investigated whether decreased responsiveness of the heart to physiological increases in fatty acid availability results in lipid accumulation and lipotoxic heart disease. Fasting increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels in both lean and obese rats, although levels were greatest in obese rats regardless … Zucker Lean Zl Control Rats, supplied by Charles River Laboratories, used in various techniques. Rat models for NIDDM have been developed more recently using strains primarily involving the fa and the cp genes. Download the Report. The fa mutation was discovered by Zucker and Zucker ( Kava, Greenwood, & Johnson, 1990) in crosses between Sherman and Merck stock M rats (13M strain). Male OZRs (n = 16) and their lean littermates (lean Zucker rat) (n = 16) at 8 weeks of age were placed on a control or an 8% WRR-enriched diet for 8 weeks. To evaluate the mechanism of obesity-induced changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil observed in humans, single-dose and steady-state kinetic/dynamic studies in obese Zucker rats were done. Knockout rat disease models for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and diabetes, using zinc-finger nuclease technology, are being commercialized by SAGE Labs. [6] The genetics of rats was studied by William Ernest Castle at the Bussey Institute of Harvard University until it closed in 1994. Results: The male Zucker diabetic fatty rat (fa/fa) and two Zucker lean strains (+/?) [26], These rats typically have a longer tail in proportion to their body length than Wistar rats. Lean Phenotype. Rats, Zucker (n.) 1. Download Full PDF Package. A short summary of this paper. Vă rugăm să defilați în jos și faceți clic pentru a vedea fiecare dintre ele. Effect of Obese and Lean Zucker Rat Sera on Human and Rat Prostate Cancer Cells: Implications in Obesity-Related Prostate Tumor Biology. The leading cause of death among fz/fz rats is ultimately a progressive kidney failure that begins around the age of 1 year. BINDING OF HEPATIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS FROM OBESE AND LEAN ZUCKER RATS TO THE UPSTREAM REGION OF MALIC ENZYME GENE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the It is Lean Zucker Rat. Obesity has become a national epidemic with more than 66% of US adults considered as overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m 2) and 37.5% are considered … In conclusion, obese Zucker rats have an enhanced ability to conserve skeletal muscle when fed a VLCD, but cardiac muscle is not "spared" in the same manner as skeletal muscle. Hepatic mitochondrial function was studied in lean and obese Zucker rats in the fed state and at 3 and 6 days of starvation. The historical importance of this species to scientific research is reflected by the amount of literature on it: roughly 50% more than that on laboratory mice. Background: Obese Zucker rats (ZR) have been used as an experimental model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and are particularly susceptible to various types of liver injury. the biobreeding diabetes-prone rat or BBDP rat) is an inbred strain that spontaneously develops autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Rats were dosed daily for 6 wk with either vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, 100 microl/100 g body mass), or 3 mg/kg RSG. Aim: To study bile secretion and expression of the main hepatobiliary transporters in ZR. Animals were purchased from Charles River (Sulzfeld, Germany). Mitochondrial apoptosis and apoptotic signaling modulations by aerobic training were studied in cardiac and skeletal muscles of obese Zucker rats (OZR), a rodent model of metabolic syndrome. In obese Zucker rats, T1R3 expression was either decreased or completely absent at the sites specified above. A knockout rat (also spelled knock out or knock-out) is a genetically engineered rat with a single gene turned off through a targeted mutation. This observation suggests that elevated BP in obese Zucker rats depends in part on Ang II. Over time, breeding the rats for these contests may have produced variations in color, notably the albino and hooded varieties. The average litter size of the Sprague Dawley rat is 11.0. Inbred strains are also available, but are not as commonly used as inbred mice. The amphibian peptide bombesin (Bn) reduces cumulative food intake similarly in both obese and lean weanling Zucker rats. LZR - Lean Zucker Rat. Much of the genome of Rattus norvegicus has been sequenced. By having this kind of population, it is possible to conduct experiments on the roles of genes, or conduct experiments that exclude variations in genetics as a factor. The Long–Evans rat is an outbred rat developed by Drs. [4] The first rat colony in America used for nutrition research was started in January 1908 by Elmer McCollum[5] and then, nutritive requirements of rats were used by Thomas Burr Osborne and Lafayette Mendel to determine the details of protein nutrition. After adaptation, obese and lean Zucker rats were matched for initial body weight and then divided into 4 groups according to a 2 × 2 experimental design. In addition to ZLR, Zucker Lean Rat … Lean male and female rats of unknown genotype (+/ ?) Comparison of the Zucker Lean (ZL) and Zucker Fatty rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) revealed that HFD-fed ZL rats developed mild hepatic steatosis with compensatory hyperinsulinemia without increases in liver enzymes. Lean rats were not as capable of minimizing muscle losses during the rapid body weight loss due to the VLCD. This mutation results in defective retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments.[34]. Laboratory rats not sacrificed may be euthanized or, in some cases, become pets. Rats were dosed daily for 6 wk with either vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, 100 microl/100 g body mass), or 3 mg/kg RSG. [2] Laboratory rats are frequently subject to dissection or microdialysis to study internal effects on organs and the brain, such as for cancer or pharmacological research. Each rat was housed in a separate cage. The strain was introduced in Orléans at CSEAL, France in 1970; then transferred to … The greater blood … Comparisons were made between rats starved for 0, 3, 6 or 9 d. Total plasma carnitine was not affected by obesity or starvation, but free plasma carnitine decreased with starvation. In rats, this is accomplished through inbreeding. Zucker Rat Details The spontaneous mutation "obese" (Fatty) was found in the 13 M rat stock of Sherman and Merck by Doctor Lois Zucker, Harriet Bird Memorial Laboratory, Stow Massachusetts 01775, USA, in 1961. Part of this colony containing the mutation was moved to Indiana University Medical School (IUMS), to the laboratory of Dr. Julia Clark in 1977. Lean Phenotype. Urology, 2007. [17][18], The Wistar rat is an outbred albino rat. "[10], During food rationing due to World War II, British biologists ate laboratory rat, creamed. The Lewis rat suffers from several spontaneous pathologies: first, they can suffer from high incidences of neoplasms, with the rat's lifespan mainly determined by this. Regional differences (rostral, mid-, and caudal pharynx) within both groups of obese and lean Zucker rats showed that CSA during inspiration and the CSA change from expiration to inspiration were significantly different across all three pharyngeal regions in the following order: rostral pharynx < midpharynx < caudal pharynx (p values < 0.0001). Domestic rats differ from wild rats in many ways: they are calmer and significantly less likely to bite, they can tolerate greater crowding, they breed earlier and produce more offspring, and their brains, livers, kidneys, adrenal glands, and hearts are smaller. The Wistar rat is currently one of the most popular rats used for laboratory research. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. The aim of this study was to examine the physiological difference concerning adiponectin between obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats and control lean Zucker rats. The expression of nine genes related to lipid metabolism … The "fatty" rat (Rattus norvegicus) appeared as a spontaneous mutant. Alan Braverman. No significant differences in state 3 mitochondrial oxidative rates were found due to obesity or starvation. [33], Current research applications include transplantation research, induced arthritis and inflammation, experimental allergic encephalitis, and STZ-induced diabetes. 0.5 mM/L and 16.2 Discussion Zucker and WDF obese rats are excellent rodent models for … These genes have been maintained and backcrossed into a number of strains (Greenhouse et al., 1988 ; Peterson et al., 1988a). Pair-fed obese rats … Lean Zucker rats (LZR) infused with leptin acted as positive controls, and other groups of OZR and LZR were infused with vehicle. *This pricing is subject to our General Terms & Conditions of Sale. (fatty) Zucker rat was significantly greater than in two strains of nonobese control rats, the lean Zucker rat and the Lewis rat. The Zucker rat is an animal model of genetic obesity, caused by a mutation (fa) in the gene encoding the receptor of leptin, an anorexigenic hormone synthesized by adipose tissue and acting notably on the metabolic hypothalamus. Obese Zuckers have higher food intake than lean controls in free-feed studies in which rats have ready access to a large amount of one type of food. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the response of obese Zucker rats to diets containing sucrose or cornstarch is different from that of lean Zucker rats and normal Sprague-Dawley rats. μ-calpain, m-calpain) expressions of obese and lean zucker rats. Carnitine metabolism during starvation was studied in adult lean and obese female Zucker rats. In addition, obese Zucker rats exhibited higher sensitivity to reinforcement rates than lean rats. The animal remained in the calorimeter fasted and unrestrained with light:dark periods maintained. All rats showed a bias toward sucrose, though there were no differences between lean and obese Zucker rats. A 1972 study compared neoplasms in Sprague Dawley rats from six different commercial suppliers and found highly significant differences in the incidences of endocrine and mammary tumors. While less commonly used for research than mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science.[1]. Long. Lean Zucker rats served as recipients of liver transplants from obese Zucker donors. By having this kind of population, it is possible to conduct experiments on the roles of genes, or conduct experiments that exclude variations in genetics as a factor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Infusion protocols. The strain re-capitulates many of the features of human type 1 diabetes and has contributed greatly to the research of T1DM pathogenesis.[28]. The fa gene was first described in the Zucker rat (Zucker and Zucker, 1961), and the cp gene appeared spontaneously in a colony produced as a result of a cross between the SHR/N strain and the SD rat (Koletsky, 1973). They are named after Lois M. Zucker and Theodore F. Zucker, pioneer researchers in the study of the genetics of obesity. The amphibian peptide bombesin (Bn) reduces cumulative food intake similarly in both obese and lean weanling Zucker rats. The hyperphagic, genetically obese Zucker rat (fa/fa) exhibits both a greater kidney size and a progressive, premature glomerular sclerosis. The Lewis rat was developed by Margaret Lewis from Wistar stock in the early 1950s. We therefore measured plasma adiponectin level and … Rat-catchers would not only make money by trapping the rodents, but also by selling them for food or, more commonly, for rat-baiting. Other common strains are the Sprague Dawley, Fischer 344,[8] Holtzman albino strains, Long–Evans, and Lister black hooded rats. In 1978, in order to allow experiments to test gene dosage effects of the fa allele, Johnson and collaborators established a colony of homozygous lean (+/+) Zucker rats. The Zucker rat was bred to be a genetic model for research on obesity and hypertension. It is estimated that there are over 25 genes that cause recessive hairlessness in laboratory rats. Alte semnificații ale LZR În afară de Macră Zucker Rat, LZR are alte sensuri. [40] Obesity in Zucker rats is primarily linked to their hyperphagic nature and excessive hunger; however, food intake does not fully explain the hyperlipidemia or overall body composition.[38][40]. Il existe deux types de rats Zucker : un rat Zucker maigre, désignée par le trait dominant (Fa/Fa) ou (Fa/fa) et le rat Zucker « obèse » caractéristique (ou gras) qui peut peser jusqu'à 1 kg (plus de deux fois le poids normal d'un rat), en raison d'une mutation (fa/fa) du récepteur de … Demonstration of a defect in phagocytosis", "Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and -13 are involved in fibronectin degradation of rat lung granulomatous fibrosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis", "Editor in Chief of Food and Chemical Toxicology answers questions on retraction", "Rat models of type 1 diabetes: genetics, environment, and autoimmunity", "Shorn (shn): a new mutation causing hypotrichosis in the Norway rat", "Mutation of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene Mertk in the retinal dystrophic RCS rat", "The Zucker fatty rat as a genetic model of obesity and hypertension", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_rat&oldid=991923162#Zucker_rat, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rowett nude rats, first identified in 1953 in Scotland, have no. 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